[SVG动画] 制作一个中二的魔法阵

# 效果图
[点击这里查看效果(anime.js版)(效果更酷炫)](https://codepen.io/semperia/pen/mGBVmV)
[点击这里查看效果(css版)(只有旋转)](https://codepen.io/semperia/pen/RYLGqG)
代码其实都在里面了

# 制作过程
## 准备工作
首先我们得准备一个好看的svg的魔法阵，虽然这种东西好难找的，我在谷歌上面也没找到几个。但是重要的是过程嘛。有的svg把所有内容糊成一团，像这样

整个图片就一个 path，这样样是没法把魔法阵拆成几个部分来画的（~~耐心好的话可以自己拆~~），我们需要的是把整个魔法阵分成多个 path 来绘制的，比如 demo 中使用的 svg ([来源：pixiv](https://www.pixiv.net/member_illust.php?mode=medium&illust_id=19282839) 画师：sharkpp 进行了一些改造）

```HTML
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  <path id="path10" sodipodi:cx="256" class="scale1" sodipodi:cy="258.20215" sodipodi:rx="93.5914" sodipodi:ry="93.5914" sodipodi:type="arc" fill="none" stroke="#1da57a" stroke-width="1.733" d="M418,256c0,89.5-72.5,162-162,162S94,345.5,94,256S166.5,94,256,94S418,166.5,418,256z"/>
  <path id="path11" class="clockwise-long" inkscape:connector-curvature="0" fill="none" stroke="#1da57a" stroke-width="3" d="M227.4,58.1c-15.9,2.3-31.2,6.4-45.6,12.2l29.4,18.6L227.4,58.1z M284.6,58.1l16.2,30.8l29.4-18.6C315.7,64.5,300.5,60.4,284.6,58.1zM132.3,98.9c-12.4,9.8-23.6,21-33.4,33.4l34.8,1.4L132.3,98.9L132.3,98.9z M379.7,98.9l-1.4,34.8l34.8-1.4C403.3,119.9,392.1,108.7,379.7,98.9z M70.3,181.8c-5.8,14.5-9.9,29.7-12.2,45.6l30.8-16.2L70.3,181.8z M441.7,181.8l-18.6,29.4l30.8,16.2C451.6,211.5,447.5,196.3,441.7,181.8z M58.1,284.6c2.3,15.9,6.4,31.2,12.2,45.6l18.6-29.4L58.1,284.6z M453.9,284.6l-30.8,16.2l18.6,29.4C447.5,315.7,451.6,300.5,453.9,284.6L453.9,284.6z M133.7,378.3l-34.8,1.4c9.8,12.4,21,23.6,33.4,33.4L133.7,378.3z M378.3,378.3l1.4,34.8c12.4-9.8,23.6-21,33.4-33.4L378.3,378.3z M211.2,423.1l-29.4,18.6c14.5,5.8,29.7,9.9,45.6,12.2L211.2,423.1L211.2,423.1z M300.8,423.1l-16.2,30.8c15.9-2.3,31.2-6.4,45.6-12.2L300.8,423.1L300.8,423.1z"/>
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  <path id="path14" class="clockwise-long" inkscape:connector-curvature="0" fill="none" stroke="#1da57a" stroke-width="3" d="M256,52l-11.9,22.6L256,92.8l11.9-18.2L256,52z M154,79.4l1,25.4l19.3,9.8l1.2-21.6L154,79.4L154,79.4z M358,79.4L336.4,93l1.2,21.6l19.3-9.8L358,79.4L358,79.4z M79.4,154L93,175.6l21.6-1.2l-9.8-19.3L79.4,154z M432.6,154l-25.4,1l-9.8,19.3l21.6,1.2L432.6,154z M74.6,244.1L52,256l22.6,11.9L92.8,256L74.6,244.1z M437.4,244.1L419.2,256l18.2,11.9L460,256L437.4,244.1z M93,336.4L79.4,358l25.4-1l9.8-19.3L93,336.4z M419,336.4l-21.6,1.2l9.8,19.3l25.4,1L419,336.4z M174.4,397.4l-19.3,9.8l-1,25.4l21.5-13.6L174.4,397.4L174.4,397.4zM337.6,397.4l-1.2,21.6l21.5,13.6l-1-25.4L337.6,397.4L337.6,397.4z M256,419.2l-11.9,18.2L256,460l11.9-22.6L256,419.2z"/>
</svg>
```
可以看到每个path都有一个class，之后我们会用在 anime.js 中用 CSS 选择器对这些 path 进行变换。

## 旋转的魔法阵
这一部分比较简单，CSS 动画也可以做到。原理就是 CSS3 的 transform: rotate()属性，然后对不同 class 使用不同的旋转方向和速度。

```CSS
@keyframes rotate-clockwise {
  0% {
    transform: rotate(0deg);
  }
  100% {
    transform: rotate(360deg);
  }
}
@keyframes rotate-counterclockwise {
  0% {
    transform: rotate(360deg);
  }
  100% {
    transform: rotate(0deg);
  }
}
.clockwise {
  animation: rotate-clockwise 5s linear 0s infinite;
}
.counterclockwise {
  animation: rotate-counterclockwise 5s linear 0s infinite;
}
.clockwise-long {
  animation: rotate-clockwise 20s linear 0s infinite;
}
.counterclockwise-long {
  animation: rotate-counterclockwise 30s linear 0s infinite;
}
path {
  transform-origin: center;
}
```

值得注意的是 transform-origin 属性，如果 transform-origin 不在圆心的话旋转起来就会鬼畜。

```javascript
  anime({
    targets: ".clockwise",
    rotate: ["0deg", "360deg"],
    loop: true,
    duration: 5000,
    easing: "linear",
    offset: 0
  })
  anime({
    targets: '.counterclockwise',
    rotate: ['360deg','0deg'],
    loop: true,
    duration: 10000,
    easing: 'linear',
    offset: 0
  })
  anime({
    targets: '.counterclockwise-long',
    rotate: ['360deg','0deg'],
    loop: true,
    duration: 10000,
    easing: 'linear',
    offset: 0
  })
  anime({
    targets: '.clockwise-long',
    rotate: ['0deg','360deg'],
    loop: true,
    duration: 20000,
    easing: 'linear',
    offset: 0
  })
  anime({
    targets: '.sc',
    rotate: ['0deg','360deg'],
    scale: [1.3,1.3],
    loop: true,
    duration: 5000,
    easing: 'linear',
    offset: 0
  })
```

anime.js 的操作方法类似，不过注意不建议用 timeline。每个 class 旋转的周期不一样，用 timeline 会造成周期短的旋转完停下来等待，除非强行按比例缩放 duration 和 totate 角度让所有图案的旋转周期相同（最小公倍数？）。

## 魔法阵的出现动画
这个完全就发挥想象力了，可以变换的内容很多，比如 scale, rotate, translate, dasharray 甚至 rotate3D，怎么喜欢怎么来就行。这里就用 anime.js 了，毕竟 CSS 莫法控制动画完成后操作（魔法阵旋转）

```javascript
var rotateloop = function(){
  anime({
    targets: ".clockwise",
    rotate: ["0deg", "360deg"],
    loop: true,
    duration: 5000,
    easing: "linear",
    offset: 0
  })
  //...
  //跟上面那段的代码一样，洗净备好，稍后再用
}
```
```javascript
$(document).ready(function(){
  document.getElementById('demo').style.display = 'block'
  var timeline = anime.timeline()
  timeline.add({
    targets: '.counterclockwise',
    strokeDasharray: {
      value: [(el) => `0 ${anime.setDashoffset(el)/8}`, (el) => `${anime.setDashoffset(el)/8} ${0}`],
      duration: 2000
    },
    // scale: [0,1],
    rotate: ['360deg','-360deg'],
    duration: 10000,
    easing: 'linear',
    offset: 0
  }).add({
    targets: '.scale0',
    scale: [0.001,1],
    duration: 3500,
    // easing: 'easeInOutSine',
    elasticity: 20,
    offset: 500
  }).add({
    targets: '.clockwise,.sc',
    scale: {
      value: [0.001, 1],
      duration: 2000,
      elasticity: 20
    },
    rotate: {
      value: ['-576deg','0deg'],
      duration: 8000,
      easing: 'linear'
    },
    duration: 1000,
    offset: 2000
  }).add({
    targets: '.sc',
    scale: {
      value: [1, 1.3],
      duration: 1000
    },
    rotate: {
      value: ['-360deg','0deg'],
      duration: 5000
    },
    offset: 5000,
    easing: 'linear'
  }).add({
    targets: '.scale1',
    scale: [0.001, 1],
    duration: 2000,
    easing: 'linear',
    offset: 5000
  }).add({
    targets: '.counterclockwise-long',
    scale: {
      value: [0.01, 1],
      duration: 1500,
      // elasticity: 200
      easing: 'easeInOutSine'
    },
    rotate: {
      value: ['180deg','0deg'],
      duration: 5000,
      easing: 'linear'
    },
    offset: 5000
  }).add({
    targets: '.clockwise-long',
    scale: {
      value: [0.01, 1],
      duration: 2000,
      // elasticity: 100
      easing: 'easeInOutSine'
    },
    rotate: {
      value: ['-81deg','0deg'],
      duration: 4500,
      easing: 'linear'
    },
    offset: 5500,
    complete: rotateloop
  })
})
```
timeline 用起来确实是很爽的，只要 add 各种变换就行了
* rotate[X/Y/Z/3D] 旋转
* translate[X/Y/Z] 平移
* scale 缩放
* strokeDasharray 虚线实-虚样式 [参见 MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/SVG/Attribute/stroke-dasharray)
* strokeDashoffset 虚线样式偏移 [参见 MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/SVG/Attribute/stroke-dashoffset)
* 其实还有路径变形，填充，遮罩之类的高级玩法

不过由于 anime.js 自身的限制（倒不如说是 anime.js 不会合并 transform），同一个元素的 transform 不能分开到两个 anime 对象中（每个对象都是独立运行的）,这样只会有后一个生效，例如
```js
anime({
	targers: '#demo',
	rotate: '30deg'
})
anime({
	targers: '#demo',
	scale: 1.5
})

//或者
anime.timeline().add({
	targers: '#demo',
	rotate: '30deg'
}).add({
	targers: '#demo',
	scale: 1.5
})
```
然后就是各种参数的设定了，要注意动画的连续性（比如转到 30° 突然变回 0° 开始转），这里我是算好了旋转的速度然后根据 duration 计算旋转角度。最后就是可以用一些缓动函数来让魔法阵显得不那么生硬。

## 参考资料
[Anime.js Documentation](http://animejs.com/documentation/)
[缓动函数速查表](https://easings.net/)
[MDN SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/SVG)
还有可以百度/谷歌到的各种 svg 动画的做法

如有问题，欢迎留言 / [Email me](mailto:Semperia@outclook.com)

[SVG动画] 制作一个中二的魔法阵

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